Columbia University

Columbia University (authoritatively Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private, Ivy League, research college in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It was set up in 1754 as King's College by imperial contract of George II of Great Britain. Columbia is the most seasoned school in New York State and the fifth sanctioned establishment of higher learning in the nation, making it one of nine frontier universities established before the Declaration of Independence. After the progressive war, King's College quickly turned into a state substance, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784. A 1787 sanction set the establishment under a private leading group of trustees before it was renamed Columbia University in 1896 when the grounds was moved from Madison Avenue to its present area in Morningside Heights involving place where there is 32 sections of land (13 ha). Columbia is one of the fourteen establishing individuals from the Association of American Universities, and was the principal school in the United States to give the M.D. degree. 

The college is sorted out into twenty schools, including Columbia College, the School of Engineering and Applied Science, and the School of General Studies. The college likewise has worldwide exploration stations in Amman, Beijing, Istanbul, Paris, Mumbai, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago, Asunción and Nairobi. It has affiliations with a few different organizations adjacent, including Teachers College, Barnard College, and Union Theological Seminary, with joint undergrad programs accessible through the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, Sciences Po Paris,and the Juilliard School. 

Columbia yearly controls the Pulitzer Prize.[13] Notable graduated class and previous understudies (counting those from King's College) incorporate five Founding Fathers of the United States; nine Justices of the United States Supreme Court; 20 living very rich people; 29 Academy Award champs; and 29 heads of state, including three United States Presidents. Also, around 100 Nobel laureates, 5 Fields Medalists have been associated with Columbia as understudies, personnel, or staff, second on the planet just to Harvard. 

In 1896, the trustees formally approved the utilization of yet another new name, Columbia University, and today the organization is authoritatively known as "Columbia University in the City of New York." in the meantime, college president Seth Low moved the grounds once more, from 49th Street to its present area, a more open grounds in the creating neighborhood of Morningside Heights. Under the authority of Low's successor, Nicholas Murray Butler, who served for more than four decades, Columbia quickly turned into the country's significant establishment for examination, setting the "multiversity" demonstrate that later colleges would embrace. 

Research into the molecule by employees John R. Dunning, I. I. Rabi, Enrico Fermi and Polykarp Kusch set Columbia's Physics Department in the worldwide spotlight in the 1940s after the primary atomic heap was worked to begin what turned into the Manhattan Project. In 1947, to address the issues of GIs coming back from World War II, University Extension was rearranged as an undergrad school and assigned the Columbia University School of General Studies. 

Place of graduation 

Amid the 1960s Columbia experienced expansive scale understudy activism, which achieved a peak in the spring of 1968 when several understudies involved structures on grounds. The occurrence constrained the acquiescence of Columbia's President, Grayson Kirk and the foundation of the University Senate. 

In spite of the fact that few schools inside the college had conceded ladies for a considerable length of time, Columbia College initially conceded ladies in the fall of 1983, following 10 years of fizzled transactions with Barnard College, the all-female foundation partnered with the college, to blend the two schools. Barnard College still stays partnered with Columbia, and all Barnard graduates are issued certificates approved by both Columbia University and Barnard College. 

Columbia was the principal North American site where the uranium iota was part. It was the origination of FM radio and the laser.The MPEG-2 calculation of transmitting top notch sound and video over constrained data transmission was created by Dimitris Anastassiou, a Columbia teacher of electrical designing. Scientist Martin Chalfie was the first to present the utilization of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in marking cells in place creatures. Different innovations and items identified with Columbia incorporate Sequential Lateral Solidification (SLS) innovation for making LCDs, System Management Arts (SMARTS), Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (which is utilized for sound, video, talk, texting and whiteboarding), pharmacopeia, Macromodel (programming for computational science), another and better formula for glass solid, Blue LEDs, and Beamprop (utilized as a part of photonics). Columbia researchers have been credited with around 175 new creations in the wellbeing sciences every year. More than 30 pharmaceutical items taking into account disclosures and innovations made at Columbia are available today. These incorporate Remicade (for joint inflammation), Reopro (for blood cluster confusions), Xalatan (for glaucoma), Benefix, Latanoprost (a glaucoma treatment), shoulder prosthesis, homocysteine (testing for cardiovascular infection), and Zolinza (for disease treatment). Columbia Technology Ventures (some time ago Science and Technology Ventures), starting 2008, deals with somewhere in the range of 600 licenses and more than 250 dynamic permit assentions. Patent-related arrangements earned Columbia more than $230 million in the 2006 monetary year, as indicated by the college, more than any college on the planet.